APPLICABILITY OF NON-INVASIVE VENTILATION IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2411-9164.21.2-5Keywords:
non-invasive ventilation, CPAP therapy, high flow nasal cannula, ARDS, COVID-19Abstract
Introduction. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has revolutionized the management of respiratory failure, providing an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with reduced risks and complications. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of NIV has been accentuated, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its evolution, types, and clinical applications. This review aims to elucidate the key aspects of NIV, including its modes, indications, comparative effectiveness, and factors influencing success and failure. By synthesizing existing literature, this study seeks to provide valuable insights into the optimal use of NIV in various respiratory conditions, particularly in the context of COVID-19. Material and methods. Narrative literature review. Bibliographic search in the PubMed, NCBI and Google Academic databases, using the keywords: “NIV”, “NIV modes”, “CPAP”, “respiratory conditions”, “ARDS”, “HFNC”, “success predictors”, “failure predictors”, “early intervention”, “COVID-19”, “clinical application”, which were combined with each other. The final bibliography included 80 references. Results. The review highlights the evolution of NIV technology and its various modes, including Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP), Proportional Assist Ventilation (PAV), and Average Volume Assured Pressure Support (AVAPS). Indications for NIV encompass a wide range of respiratory conditions, with comparative effectiveness studies indicating its efficacy in conditions such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbations and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Success and failure predictors for NIV underscore the importance of early intervention, appropriate patient selection, and meticulous monitoring to optimize outcomes and mitigate complications. Conclusion. NIV represents a vital therapeutic modality for managing respiratory distress, offering advantages over IMV in select cases. The evolution of NIV technology has led to the development of various modes, catering to diverse clinical scenarios. However, success with NIV hinges on timely intervention, appropriate patient selection, and vigilant monitoring to prevent complications. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, NIV assumes heightened significance, necessitating a nuanced approach to its clinical application.
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