MODERN APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH POLYTRAUMAS AND CRITICAL CONDITIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2411-9164.21.2-4Keywords:
polytrauma, trauma, traumatic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, traumatic coagulopathy, coagulopathy, critical conditions, intensive care, hemostasisAbstract
This review is devoted to modern approaches to diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications in patients with polytraumas and critical conditions. This article is a meta-analysis aimed at systematizing current scientific data on the topic of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications in patients with injuries and critical conditions caused by severe traumatic injury. An analysis of key publications examining coagulation changes, epidemiologic features of trauma, and approaches to resuscitation was performed. The main focus was on the assessment of coagulation changes, epidemiology of injuries and approaches to resuscitation. 18 scientific sources were selected for the study. The sources were selected according to the criteria of relevance, modernity (2000– 2023), publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals, as well as the availability of full texts of articles. The main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying traumatic coagulopathies, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute coagulopathy of traumatic shock and other hemostasis disorders, have been determined. In particular, special attention is paid to the early detection of coagulation changes and their correction, in particular through the use of antifibrinolytic drugs such as tranexamic acid, as well as the importance of balanced infusion therapy and timely surgical intervention. The authors emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of severe injuries and critical conditions, including surgical, pharmacological and anesthetic support. Early correction of coagulopathy, monitoring of the level of calcium in the body, as well as the use of the latest methods of resuscitation can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. The article also focuses on the need for an individualized approach to treatment and prevention of complications, in particular by integrating data from different sources to develop effective treatment strategies.
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