THE CONCEPT OF PREHABILITATION AND ITS IMPACT IN SURGERY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31379/2411.2616.18.2.5Keywords:
prehabilitation, preoperative exercises, postoperative complications, major surgeries, functional parameters, literature review.Abstract
Introduction. An impressive number of patients who undergo surgery suffer from postoperative complications. This problem has become imperative, with a prevalence of about 30% among patients undergoing surgical treatment. The prehabilitation program has been proposed as preoperative adjuvant therapy in order to circumvent the given consequences, but existing studies show controversial results. Purpose and task. The systematic literature review aims to study the effectiveness of the concept of prehabilitation and its influence on the functional parameters, the postoperative complications, and the quality of life of patients. Material and methods. A search of the electronic databases was requested: PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, rcpjournals.org for randomized clinical trials that investigated the effectiveness of the prehabilitation concept and its influence on functional parameters, postoperative complications, and patients’ quality of life. The primary outcome parameter was the ability of prehabilitation to prevent postoperative complications of patients undergoing major surgery. The secondary parameters investigated were: the functional capacity evaluated pre- and postoperatively, the length of hospital stay, the cost of hospitalization, and the quality of life after surgery. Results. The review included 10 clinical trials with a total of 939 patients. The studies’ quality was evaluated using Delphi criteria. In 10 of the 10 studies, the impact of the targeted program on reducing postoperative complications of patients was examined, as was the duration of hospitalization in 7 of the 10 studies, and respiratory parameters in 4 of the 10 studies. Conclusions. Large-scale, high-quality studies are required to confirm the early evidence’s promise and to determine the frequency, intensity, and duration of prehabilitation designed to accomplish optimal results.
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